1. The difference between libel
and slander is that libel is printed while__________.
- (A) spoken is slander
- (B) is spoken slander
- (C) slander is spoken
- (D) is slander spoken
- 答案：C
- 测试点：词序/主谓结构。
- 分析：连词while后连接句子，两边是对比关系，同句式、同结构。本句while前的libel is printed为“主系表”结构，应在答案中寻找相同的结构，即(C)。
2.
Great numbers of tiny shelled animals—on the ocean floor.
- (A) Live
- (B) Living
- (C) They will live
- (D) If they lived
- 答案：A
- 测试点：谓语。
- 分析：空格前是名词性成份，作句子主语，应在答案中选择谓语动词，即(A)。(B)不能单独作谓语；(C) 重复了主语，(D)是从句。
3. The knee is the joint
__________the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.
- (A) when
- (B) where
- (C) why
- (D) which
- 答案：B
- 测试点：从句连接词。
- 分析：空格前的joint表示地点，定语从句的连接词应当用指示地点的where。(A)指时间；(C)指原因；(D)指事物；且与从句中的主语the thigh bone重复。
4. Closed plane figures like the
square or the equilateral triangle can be grouped into a class
__________polygons.
- (A) called
- (B) to call
- (C) is called
- (D) call as
- 答案：A
- 测试点：分词短语作后置定语。
- 分析：横线前的class是名词，其后的部分应是它的定语。这个定语要么是从句，要么是短语。4个答案中无完整的从句，只有(A)是过去分词，可与横线后的polygons组成短语，故选(A)。(C)如加上关系代词which或that则亦为正确。(B)to call应为被动语态(to be called)，这种结构通常省掉to be，成为(A)的形式。
- 解题要点：分词短语作后置定语是TOEFL考题中反复出现的题型。它实际上等于系词(be)结构的定语从句省去which／that+be部分，只保留分词及其后成份。
5. Acids are chemical compounds
that, in water solution, have __________, a corrosive action on metals, and the
ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.
- (A) tastes sharp
- (B) sharp-tasting
- (C) a sharp taste
- (D) tasting sharp
- 答案：C
- 测试点：宾语。
- 分析：动词have要求名词性的成份作它的宾语，应在答案中选择名词或名词词组，即(C)。(A)是系表结构；(B)是形容词；(D)是分词短语。
6.
__________the history of the tough, strong-willed Nebraska farmer.
- (A) Not only is much of the history of Nebraska
- (B) Although it is much of the history of Nebraska that is
- (C) It is much the history of Nebraska’s being
- (D) Much of the history of Nebraska is
- 答案：D
- 测试点: 主谓结构。
- 分析：空格后只剩下名词性的成份，说明句子缺少主语和谓语动词，应在答案中寻找主语+动词的形式，即(D)，much为名词。
7. Billie Holiday’s reputation as
a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability__________emotional depth to her
songs.
- (A) be giving
- (B) are given
- (C) being given
- (D) to give
- 答案：D
- 测试点：不定式/习语。
- 分析：空格及其后部分是名词ability的定语，应在答案中选择可做后置定语的不定式形式，即(D)。(A)、(B)是谓语动词形式，不能作定语。(C)分词虽可作定语，但用了被动态，与句意不合。
- 解题要点： 与be able to do sth．一样，ability to do sth也是固定结构。请务必记住这两个句式。
8. __________1895 did Cornell University begin to offer a degree in ornithology.
- (A) Not until
- (B) Not since
- (C) Until
- (D) In
- 答案：A
- 测试点：倒装句。
- 分析：看到did出现在主语前，知道句子用了倒装，时间状语…1895提前。应在答案中选择用于倒装句的短语，即Not until…。(B) Not since用于完成时态，而本句为过去时；(C)、(D)不适于倒装句。
- 解题要点；Not until十倒装句是TOEFL常考题型。
9. Uniform acceleration occurs
__________the rate of change remains the same over successive and equal
intervals of time.
- (A) according
- (B) if
- (C) with
- (D) under
- 答案：B
- 测试点：连词。
- 分析：空格前是一完整的主谓结构的句子，空格后的句子是它的状语从句，所缺为引导状语从句的连词。4个答案中只有(B)if是连词。(C)(D)是介词，(A)是副词，均不可连接从句。
10. People’s expectations for a
higher standard of living increase __________.
- (A) conditions in their community improve
- (B) since conditions in their improving community
- (C) conditions improve in their community
- (D) as conditions in their community improve
- 答案：D
- 测试点：状语从句。
- 分析：空格前是一完整的主谓结构的句子，后面缺少的应是作状语的短语或从句。4个答案中无相应的短语，只有(D)是完整的从句，故选(D)。(A)、(C)均无连接词，(B)不是完整的句子。
11.
Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of
__________reality.
- (A) what it is conceived
- (B) that is conceived
- (C) what is conceived to be
- (D) that is being conceived of
- 答案：C
- 测试点：名词从句。
- 分析：介词of后只能接名词宾语或名词性宾语从句。what引导的从句为名词从句，而that引导的从句则不可，接在介词后面，故在(A)(C)中选择。但(A)中what与it重复，故选(C)。且be conceived to be是固定结构。
12. All of the plants now raised
on farms have been developed from plants __________wild.
- (A) once they grew
- (B) they grew once
- (C) that once grew
- (D) once grew
- 答案：C
- 测试点：定语从句。
- 分析：plants后的成份应是其定语从句，应在答案中选择完整、适当的从句，即(C)。此从句中that作主语，不可省略，故(D)错。(A)与句意不合；(B)不通。
13. __________relatively costly,
the diesel engine is highly efficient and needs servicing infrequently.
- (A) Even
- (B) It is
- (C) Even though
- (D) There is
- 答案：C
- 测试点：连词。
- 分析：逗号前后两部分意思相反，需表转折关系的连词，即(C)。解题要点；连词even though如引导主系表结构的从句，则常常省去主语和系词be，此句即省掉了the diesel engine is．在结构题中的四个答案中如有even though，应当首考虑这个选择。
14. __________images out of clay,
stone, and metal.
- (A) The shaping of sculpture
- (B) Sculpting the shapes
- (C) To shape sculpture
- (D) Sculptors shape
- 答案：D
- 测试点：主谓结构。
- 分析：本句主、谓语俱缺，应在答案中选择主谓结构的形式，即(D)。
15. __________dates from the end
of the eighteenth century.
- (A) The modern circus
- (B) That the modern circus
- (C) While the modern circus
- (D) The modern circus that
- 答案：A
- 测试点：主语。
- 分析：dates是谓语动词，前面缺少主语。应在答案中选择名词或名词组作主语，即(A)。
16. The boiled point of any liquid is determined by the pressure of the surrounding gases.
- 答案：A
- 测试点：词形。
- 分析：“沸点”的固定说法是boiling point，不用boiled。现在分词和过去分词有时会被故意用错，应记住现在分词有“正在进行”的意义，而过去分词则给人“已经完成”的感觉。试比较boiled water(煮开过的水)。
17. The Ranger spacecraft it provided more than 17,000 pictures of the moon.
- 答案：A
- 测试点：多词。
- 分析：名词space craft做主语，it多余。
18. Many people who live in New York City thinks that life in a large city offers special advantages.
- 答案：B
- 测试点：主谓数的一致。
- 分析：主语是复数的Many people，因此谓语动词也要用复数形式think.
19. The scientific revolution of the early 1900’s affected education by change the nature of technology.
- 答案：C
- 测试点：词形。
- 分析：介词by后面不能加动词原形，应改用其动名词形式changing。
20. Meadowlarks are about the same size than robins, but they have heavier bodies, shorter tails, and longer bills.
- 答案：B
- 测试点：习语。
- 分析：看到the same…应注意其后是否有as。same…as…结构是TOEFL考题中常出现的一种同级比较结构。
21. On
- 答案：C
- 测试点：后置定语。
- 分析：the first woman后面是定语而不是谓语，不能用动词原形fly，而应用flying，或to fly。解题要点: the first…to do…是TOEFL常考习语。
22. Translated into terms of psychological theory, association has been thought of as the basis of to learn, conditioning, and creative thinking.
- 答案：C
- 测试点：词形／并列结构.
- 分析：介词of后不能加不定式(to learn),而应加动名词。此外，后文and要求两边同词性、同性质，因此，应当用learning与conditioning和thinking并列。
23. The Statue of Liberty was originally proposed in 1865 to commemoration the alliance of France with the American colonies during the American Revolution.
- 答案：C
- 测试点：词性
- 分析：(C)前面的to是动词不定式的符号，而commemoration是名词，此处应用动词commemorate。
- 解题要点：名词后缀-tion形式出现在TOEFL改错题中，应首先考虑其词性的对错。
24. Reptiles are widely distributed all over the world, but are much abundant in warm regions and are virtually absent beyond the treeline in the Arctic.
- 答案：B
- 测试点：more和much常被错用。
- 分析：记住more十形容词原级构成比较级。根据句意，此处应以more abundant与后文absent比较。
25. Alike light waves, microwaves may be reflected and concentrated.
- 答案：A
- 测试点：like和alike的用法。
- 分析：这两个词经常相互用错。alike的词性是形容词或副词，而like可以是介词。此处需用介词like。
- 解题要点: like或alike出现在TOEFL考题中，应当予以首先考虑。
26. Industrial buyers are responsible for supplying the goods and services that an organization required for its operations.
- 答案：D
- 测试点：时态一致。
- 分析：以不划线的are做线索，看出本句的基本时态是现在时，讲述的是一般性的事实。故此处不应用过去时，required应为require.
27. The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom.
- 答案：A
- 测试点：最高级。
- 分析：遇到含有形容词最高级的题时，既要注意the和-est或most是否缺失，也要注意-est和most是否重复使用。此处most多余。
28. Farm animals have been regardless by nearly all societies as a valuable economic resource.
- 答案：B
- 测试点：词性/被动语态。
- 分析：看到系动词be和by同时出现，应注意二者之间划线的词是否过去分词。此处regardless(形容词)应为regarded.
29. Although it is any longer the big business that it was in the forties, radio continues to be a medium of essential communication, especially at the local level.
- 答案：A
- 测试点：习语／no和any的用法。
- 分析：no longer是固定说法，用在肯定句中。any longer则用在否定句和疑问句中。(A)前是肯定的it is，故此处用no longer。
30. The field of dynamics in physics is concerned with a particle’s motion in relation to the forces acting it.
- 答案：D
- 测试点：缺词。
- 分析：act为及物动词时意为“扮演(角色)”，而此处意为“起作”，应为不及物动词，不能直接加宾语。应为acting on／upon it。
31. In the United States, both the federal and state governments have laws designed to guard consumers against deceptive advertise.
- 答案：D
- 测试点：词性。
- 分析：形容词deceptive后应接名词，而advertise是动词。此处应用advertisement.
32. Gore Vidal has steadily pursue a literary career remarkable for its productivity, versatility, and unpredictability.
- 答案：A
- 测试点：词形。
- 分析：has或have后的动词应是过去分词形式，不能用原形。此处要用pursued。
- 解题要点： 特别要注意完成式has／have+ed与后接过去分词之间加入副词的情况。
33. When overall exports exceed imports, a country said to have a trade surplus.
- 答案：C
- 测试点： 习语/被动语态。
- 分析：看到said to+动词，应想到用的是be said十不定式的结构，表示“被说成是……”。此处缺系动词is。
34. Instructors at the school of American Ballet first examine a young applicant’s instep to see whether it is pliant and shows promising of a good arch.
- 答案：D
- 测试点：词性。
- 分析：动词shows后需要名词作宾语，而promising是形容词或分词。此处应当用名词promise。
35. Anthropologists agree that our primitive ancestors who inhabited the tropics probably have natural protection against the sun.
- 答案：C
- 测试点：时态。
- 分析：that从句的主语是our primitive ancestors (我们远古的祖先)，其谓语动词只能用过去时态，不能用现在时。此处have应为had。
36. Behavior modification techniques work best with problems that manifest itself in overt actions.
- 答案：C
- 测试点：代词数的一致。
- 分析：代词的人称和数要与它所指代的名词一致。此处指代的是复数名词 problems，代词也要用复数的themselves。
- 解题要点: 代词的单、复数形式也是TOEFL常考的要点，一定要找到它所指代的名词以确定它们的数是否一致。
37. Because they are generally taken simply to obtain a recognizable and relatively clear image, most nonprofessional photographs demand few equipment.
- 答案：D
- 测试点：little和few的用法。
- 分析：这两个词常见相互错用。equipment是个集合名词，不可数，只能用little修饰，不能用few(few修饰可数名词)。
38. At birth, an infant exhibits a remarkable number of motor response.
- 答案：D
- 测试点：数的一致。
- 分析：A number of后加复数名词。此处response应为responses。
39. Common to North America, those cinnamon fern is found in wet places.
- 答案：B
- 测试点：数的一致。
- 分析：修饰词，限定词的数要与其中心词一致。fern是单数，前面不能用复数代词those．应为the。
40. The origins of the Democratic party is often traced to the coalition formed behind Thomas Jefferson in the 1790’s to resist the policies of George Washington’s administration.
- 答案：A
- 测试点: 主谓数的一致。
- 分析：主语是复数的origins，系动词不能用单数的is,要用are。